Rites of passage vary greatly around the world, particularly during the physical and cognitive development phase that humans experience during adolescence. Physical changes most commonly associated with adolescence include the onset of puberty, which is marked by a rapid growth spurt and the development of secondary sexual characteristics such as the growth of breasts in girls and facial hair in boys, menarche in girls, voice deepening in boys, and so on. In terms of cognitive development in adolescence, greater advances are made in information processing, reasoning, and understanding moral issues. Adolescence is the period where children transition into adults, developing the ability to think abstractly, reason logically, and make decisions based on moral reasoning. In the Philippines, for example, adolescence is marked by various rites of passage. Puberty is acknowledged and seen as the transition to adulthood. Girls who have their first menstruation, often experience a "menarche party," a celebration involving family, friends, and neighbors. Boys undergo a circumcision ritual called "tuli," publicly marking their transition into manhood. In terms of cognitive development, high school education in the Philippines focuses on broadening their understanding of societal issues and fostering critical thinking. In South Korea, the physical changes during puberty are acknowledged quite similarly to western standards. However, the major focus during adolescent years lies in academic learning and success, considering the intense competition among students for university entry. High school students undergo intense study schedules and are evaluated through a national level exam. The moral, ethical and social development mostly comes from the teachings from parents and schools, also supplemented by the innate Confucian principles of respect for elders and maintaining societal harmony. While these are specific examples, it's interesting to note how physical and cognitive development in adolescence and the rites associated with them vary from country to country based on cultural norms, societal values, and individual beliefs.